مجله دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی مشهد
پیاپی 24 (تابستان 1389)

Nursing occupational responsibility increase necessity of occupational low. Having no information about occupational low, cause numerous problems for nurses and health system. Then knowing nursing lows is one of the most important responsibilities for them. In this study, the most relevant journals and documents chose by internet and library studies. Although a questioner was used to get nurses information in different wards.Review study: Nurses are the largest professional group in medical-health system that has more responsibilities than before. So they must be familiar with nursing professional lows to solve occupational, legal and ethical problems. Unawareness of legal duties, cause mistake, nursing negligence and punishment. In this study, nurse's low awareness was 40% low, 45% medium and 15% well. By notice to the years of working (4 to 19) it seems that their information was very low even some of them express their unawareness of professional low. Nursing society's family of new science and list of defined duties help nurses not only have powerful support but also do nursing care without malpractice and mistakes.

In the recent decade, there has been a huge alteration in the healthcare delivery system as a result of the increase in the importance of improvement in health and prevention of diseases and the roles of the experts working in the system have been changed; among the mentioned roles, roles of the nurses having the most population among the members of the healthcare team, seriously need to be modified. The roles and functions of professional nurses are different in different countries, but they all have similar key roles and act upon their cultural conditions. The presented research work has been performed in order to study the roles and functions of nurses in Iran’s healthcare delivery system.This research is a triangulation study which has been performed in 2005-2007, in three steps. In the first step, the roles and functions of nurses were extracted using library and world wide websites. In the second step, 15 experts from Isfahan have been asked for their comments on the roles and functions of nurses using questionnaires. In the third step, using the results of the first and second steps, a questionnaire have been prepared to collect the comments of 64 people on the roles and functions of nurses in Iran. The results have been analyzed by the descriptive statistics method. Considering the results of the first and second steps, 13 general roles have been considered for all nurses. 6 roles have been accepted with a consensus over 70%; among the 58 functions that have been considered for these 13 roles, 17 functions have been determined as the functions that are currently performed. Generally, considering the changes in the nation’s health care delivery system along with the changes in the world, in order to improve the nursing profession as well as the social health, it is suggested that the health policies are based on up-to-date sources and principal roles that can provide the nurses with correct and scientific performance.

Exercise and physical activity is considered a health promotion behavior and behavior are influenced by complex factors.. Theory of planned behavior is a useful framework for understanding health behavior and integration of the theory with self-efficacy can increase the predictive power of the theory. This research is a qualitative approach based on the “Integrated Model of Planned Behavior and Self-efficacy”. Total 70 women aged between 20-45 works in industrial factories are chosen by purposeful sampling with maximum diversity to participate in focus group discussion. Credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability were done. Data were analyzed by the conventional method of content analysis The majority of female workers attitude towards sport as a factor for mental and physical health and increase productivity and production. A number of women considered working and walking during the work as exercise. Dominant influence on society and culture on women exercise, importance of others such as wife and family, preference of group exercise within women were reported as women’s subjective norm. The most important barriers in women's exercise were motivation and laziness, impatience and fatigue, low opportunity, time and space limited access to sports facilities and locations and lack of money. Creating access to sports sites and facilities can increase the self- efficacy of women in the planning to exercise. Majority of female worker were not intending to do exercise in the coming months. By training the benefits of exercise and providing accessibility to exercise especially at work can move toward a health promotion goal in female workers.

In recent years, hand hygiene is easiest, cheapest and most effective ways to infection prevention. But the evidence does indicate that health workers do very poor hand hygiene practice. Therefore, this study describes intention and attitude of hand hygiene behavior and comparison of self-reported and observed hand hygiene behavior in healthcare professionals based on theory of planned behavior. 153 health care workers (doctor, nurse and other therapists) in 4 circumstances of hand washing (totally 612 positions) were observed and how their behavior was reflected in the check list. Each of them responded a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. The questions were developed in such a way that can be measured Perdue variables of the behavior:"subjective norms", "attitude", "perceived behavioral control" and "intention". HCPs were washed their hands in 194(31/7%) positions and more. This value was less than them self-reported (80/40%). Perdue variables predicted reported behaviors (P <0 / 05) but failed to predict the actual behavior (P >0 / 05). This study suggests that actual performance of hand washing of HCWs was poor and less than their self- reported. The theory of planned behavior showed that institutions have been success to motivate and intention, but it is necessary that they use more serious strategies for monitoring and improving this important health behavior.

Cesarean is one of the most common surgery. Sodium thiopental and propofol are two populary used anesthetic induction agents that have different pharmacological and pharmachocinetic effects. Hemodynamic variables of patients such as heart rate and blood pressure are criterias for evaluation of drug effects on the patient's hemodynamic condition.The aim of this study is comparing the effects of propofo l and thiopental-Na as induction agents on the maternal homodynamic status. In this double blind clinical trial study 60 pregnant women with ASA class I & II were studied. In a random way 30 patients received 2mg/kg propofol and the rest of them were given 4mg/kg of thiopental – Na. Pre and post-induction hemodynamic status of the patients were monitored noninvasively after tracheal intubations and during 12 minutes after that.Data were analyzed in SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics such as T-test, chi-square and ANOVA. The average mean of arterial pressure in group induced with propofol was 92/40 ± 7/5 and in group induced with thiopental 95/12 ± 8/12. The mean of basal heart rate in group induced with propofol was 91/83 ± 8/13 and in group induced with thiopental 98/33 ± 11/19. Statistical tests showed no significant difference between the maximum variations of heart rate and blood pressure in two groups of patients. Thiopental and propofol have no significant differences on maternal hemodynamic conditions at the time of intubation during cesarean section and depending on conditions and experience of anesthesiologist both drugs can be used for induction of anesthesia in cesarean section.

Formaldehyde tablet is one of the cold sterilization methods that commonly use in operating rooms. As incorrect usage of them can lead some problems like; sever eye and respiratory induce and lung canser. this search designed to compare the number of formaldehyde tablets that use for surgical sterilization with standard amount. It was a descriptive, analytic survey. The samples obtain from metal container in Ghaem, Imamreza and Khatam hospitals that include formaldehyde tablets. The tablet of container counted and compare with standard amount. At the same time a questionnaire about staff knowledge completed. Data analyze was done by use of t-pair test. Almost all of staff (96.31) had not any education about how use the formaldehyde. About (60%) of staff use protective glass, gloves and mask when changed the tablets, and non of then use air conditioner at time. T- paired test shows a significant difference between routine and standard amount of formaldehyde tablets that use in this operating rooms. As the formaldehyde has side effect, and there is less notification to correct use of this material, the replacement of it with a safety one like glutaraldehyde or education about how it use in a proper way, is recommended.

People facing crises situations tend to rely on the spiritual and religious backgrounds. Prayer is an important strategy for reducing tension, stress and anxiety and enables persons to adapt with difficult circumstances. Pregnancy and giving birth are stressful situations. The aim of this study is to investigate belief in prayer during pregnancy. This is a descriptive study carried out on 400 pregnant women hospitalized in Sabzevar Mobini hospital. Inclusion criteria were first pregnancy, term, alive and being literate. Data was collected using a religious believes questionnaire which consist of 65 questions. This Questionnaire consists of three groups of questions related to prayer activities, prayer experiences and attitudes towards prayer. The validity and reliability of religious believes questionnaire was examined using content validity and alfa-kronbakh test respectively. Data was analyzed using spss software and statistical tests such as ANOVA, Pearson correlation and descriptive statistics. Women achieved 84.7% of total score of attitude towards prayer, 70% of total score of experience of prayer and 73% of total score of prayer activities and the overall score was 77%. There was a significant relationship between women age and prayer activities (p<0.008), women age and education and experience of prayer (p<0.04) and women education and attitude towards prayer (p<0.001). Among pregnant women prayer is a common method to cope with stressful situation of pregnancy and delivery.